|
Rudolph Leibel, MD, (born 1942) is the Christopher J. Murphy Professor of Diabetes Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine at Columbia University Medical Center,〔http://www.columbiadoctors.org/prof/rlleibel〕 and Director of the Division of Molecular Genetics in the Department of Pediatrics.〔http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/pediatrics/division/molecular-genetics/faculty〕 He is also Co-Director of the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center〔http://nbdc.cumc.columbia.edu/our-research-faculty#0〕 and Executive Director of the Russell and Angelica Berrie Program in Cellular Therapy,〔http://www.russellberriefoundation.org/initiative_dmi_cellulartherapy.php〕 Co-Director of the New York Obesity Research Center〔http://www.nyorc.org/co-director.aspx〕 and the Columbia University Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center.〔http://derc.cumc.columbia.edu/〕 Leibel's co-discovery at Rockefeller University of the hormone leptin, and cloning of the leptin and leptin receptor genes, has had a major role in the area of understanding human obesity. Leibel has published hundreds of scientific papers on obesity, and has authored and co-authored 70 scientific papers on the topic of leptin specifically.〔PubMed ID: 23070544, 22761182, 21593810, 22326217, 22237063, 23128762, 21917907, 21489573, 21393862, 21037323, 20846876, 20935667, 20595050, 19889869, 18997673, 19136999, 18403477, 18568078, 18256137, 16638826, 16803674, 16322796, 15514201, 15001430, 12954739, 12540591, 12403079, 12032747, 11994393, 11742842, 11729160, 11737554, 11574408, 11571601, 11474475, 11272157, 11160998, 10875247, 10902802, 10837281, 10848519, 10657730, 10574518, 10486426, 10519153, 10372664, 10193873, 9716669, 9591751, 9575960, 18406252, 9522833, 12224659, 9405382, 9388507, 9356043, 9360521, 9344648, 9380691, 9329740, 9287054, 9207782, 9144432, 9032111, 8973914, 8751871, 8843759, 8772727, 8784109, 8690163, 8743992, 8584938, 8717050〕 ==Path to discovery of the obesity gene: Leptin== Having encountered obesity in children as a medical doctor in the 1970s, Leibel believed that biology played a stronger role than “will power” in human obesity and joined Jules Hirsch in theorizing about the psychobiology of obesity - a belief that body weight was the result of complex interactions between genes and the environment rather than a simple matter of free will. In 1978, based on his theory that genetics played a major role in determining body weight regulation in humans, Leibel left Harvard University to join Jules Hirsch at Rockefeller University with the goal of finding the factor that drove eating. In collaboration with Douglas Coleman, Leibel determined that a mutation of the ob gene resulted in mice that were unable to manufacture a working satiety-signaling protein and that a db mutation resulted in mice that had the protein, but lacked the ability to detect the signal.〔〔 Leibel and Hirsch began a series of scientific investigations aimed at laying the groundwork for determining the connection between genetics and obesity. Over the course of eight years, Leibel's work ranged from studies of glycerol to the development of a radioisotpic technique for analysis of free fatty acid re-esterification in human adipose tissue to the metabolic characterization of obesity. After concluding that the tools of molecular genetics were key to moving his research forward and finding the obesity gene, Leibel initiated a collaboration with then-junior Rockefeller University faculty member and molecular biologist Jeffrey Friedman in 1986, and began to assemble a team of researchers including Streamson C. Chua, Nathan Bahary, Don Siegel, Yiying Zhang, Ricardo Proenca and others. Leveraging his respected and senior status within the scientific community, Leibel obtained ongoing funding from the National Institutes of Health and other sources, allowing the team to develop and utilize new techniques in their research such as chromosome microdissection. As their research progressed, Leibel at al published a series of papers in scientific journals that reported the mapping of the ''ob'' gene, the first of these being a 1990 paper in ''World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics'' entitled "Genetic Variation and Nutrition in Obesity: Approaches to the Molecular Genetics of Obesity", and another 1990 paper in the ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' entitled "Molecular Mapping of the Mouse db Mutation". Among numerous additional papers published on the topic between 1991 and 1994,〔PubMed ID: 1973864, 1797227, 1850082, 1683202, 1881916, 1684952, 1684630, 1686014, 1728843, 1568242, 1639403, 8268652, 8094275, 8430872, 7906968, 16350322, 8180476〕 Leibel was the lead author of a paper entitled "Strategies for the Molecular Genetic Analysis of Obesity in Humans" in 1993. In 1994, with the ob gene isolated, Leibel and others were omitted as co-authors of a scientific paper published by Friedman that reported the discovery of the gene. In place of being included as an author, Leibel was acknowledged in fine print at the end of the paper as an “important contributor to the early phases of this work” together with Friedman’s fiancée, who was not a scientist.〔Zhang, Y, Proenca, R, Maffei, M, Barone, M, Leopold, L, and Friedman, JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue" ''Nature'' 1994, 372: 425-432.〕 The various theories surrounding Friedman’s deliberate omission of Leibel and others as co-authors of this important paper are presented in Ellen Ruppel Shells 2002 book ''The Hungry Gene''.〔〔 Leibel continued to author and co-author numerous papers on the connection between genetics and obesity〔PubMed ID: 7719022, 7613039, 8717050, 8528260, 8584938, 8833147, 8743992, 8690163, 8772727, 8751871, 8973914, 9013614, 9112246, 9112249, 9032111, 9144432, 9192391〕 and, in 1997, published a paper in the scientific journal ''Nature Genetics'' entitled "And Finally, Genes for Human Obesity". Leibel and others involved with the discovery of the obesity gene eventually left Rockefeller University to establish a research base at Columbia University where Leibel became the head of the Division of Molecular Genetics. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rudolph Leibel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|